Uruguay's Universal Basic Income Pilot Has Ended — the Results Are Complicated and Largely Positive

The five-year Ingreso Básico Universal pilot, which provided UYU 18,000 monthly to 12,000 randomly selected Uruguayan adults across three socioeconomic brackets, concluded in December 2024. The final report confirms significant reductions in material deprivation and entrepreneurial risk aversion, modest effects on formal employment participation, and a fiscal model that is transferable at scale — if the political will exists.